This episode initially highlights the misplaced morality of the Pharisees and then applies the Biblical standard of "goodness" to the worldview of unbelievers confident in their own goodness. Christ took issue with the overemphasis of the Pharisees on issues such as tithing combined with neglect of the "weightier provisions of the law" like "justice, mercy and faithfulness." (Mt 23:23) Christ was likely alluding to Micah 6:8, a succinct description of mankind's obligation to God, doing justice, loving mercy and walking humbly with God. Many Pharisees focused on external matters like tithing instead of the essence of the Law. The episode applies Micah 6:8 to the worldview of most unbelievers, noting that justice, mercy and humility before God are redefined or thrown out. The Biblical standard of justice or righteousness is entirely wrapped up in love of God and neighbor. The world at best gives lip-service to God but then proceeds to redefine "justice" and "goodness" in terms of social norms where God is not remotely in view. "Mercy" for most moderns means tolerance of other people and practices without reference to an objective standard. Christians, by contrast, are called to extend mercy, and this mercy presupposes not executing judgment or being judgmental despite people's failure to meet God's absolute standards. Finally, Biblical humility naturally doesn't describe unbelievers since they don't acknowledge God's Lordship.
